About the Authors                                  xiii
About the Technical Editor                         xv
Contributors                                       xvii
Foreword                                           xxi
Preface                                            xxiii
    Chapter 1 Introduction                         1    (22)
      Introduction                                 1    (1)
      Where Are We Today?                          2    (4)
        Evolution of the Web                       3    (3)
      The Future Evolution                         6    (2)
      What Is Cloud Computing?                     8    (1)
      Cloud Deployment Models                      9    (3)
        Private vs. Public Clouds                  10   (2)
      Business Drivers for Cloud Computing         12   (1)
      Introduction to Cloud Technologies           13   (6)
        Infrastructure as a Service                15   (1)
        Platform as a Service                      16   (1)
        Software as a Service                      17   (1)
        Technology Challenges                      18   (1)
      Summary                                      19   (1)
      References                                   20   (3)
    Chapter 2 Infrastructure as a Service          23   (50)
      Introduction                                 23   (1)
      Storage as a Service: Amazon Storage         24   (8)
      Services
        Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)         24   (6)
        Amazon Simple DB                           30   (1)
        Amazon Relational Database Service         31   (1)
      Compute as a Service: Amazon Elastic         32   (21)
      Compute Cloud (EC2)
        Overview of Amazon EC2                     32   (10)
        Simple EC2 Example: Setting up a Web       42   (5)
        Server
        Using EC2 for Pustak Portal                47   (6)
      HP CloudSystem Matrix                        53   (15)
        Basic Platform Features                    54   (1)
        Implementing the Pustak Portal             55   (4)
        Infrastructure
        Cells-as-a-Service                         59   (1)
        Introduction to Cells-as-a-Service         60   (4)
        Multi-tenancy: Supporting Multiple         64   (3)
        Authors to Host Books
        Load Balancing the Author Web Site         67   (1)
      Summary                                      68   (2)
      References                                   70   (3)
    Chapter 3 Platform as a Service                73   (80)
      Introduction                                 73   (1)
      Windows Azure                                74   (34)
        A "Hello World" Example                    75   (2)
        Example: Passing a Message                 77   (5)
        Azure Test and Deployment                  82   (8)
        Technical Details of the Azure Platform    90   (7)
        Azure Programming Model                    97   (1)
        Using Azure Cloud Storage Services         98   (3)
        Handling the Cloud Challenges              101  (4)
        Designing Pustak Portal in Azure           105  (3)
      Google App Engine                            108  (6)
        Getting Started                            108  (1)
        Developing a Google App Engine             108  (3)
        Application
        Using Persistent Storage                   111  (3)
      Platform as a Service: Storage Aspects       114  (12)
        Amazon Web Services: Storage               115  (1)
        IBM SmartCloud: pureXML                    116  (10)
      Apache Hadoop                                126  (10)
        MapReduce                                  128  (6)
        Hadoop Distributed File System             134  (2)
      Mashups                                      136  (12)
        Yahoo! Pipes                               137  (4)
        Yahoo! Query Language                      141  (7)
      Summary                                      148  (2)
      References                                   150  (3)
    Chapter 4 Software as a Service                153  (52)
      Introduction                                 153  (1)
      CRM as a Service, Salesforce.com             154  (17)
        A Feature Walk Through                     154  (3)
        Customizing Salesforce.com                 157  (1)
        Force.com: A Platform for CRM as a         158  (3)
        Service
        Programming on Salesforce.com and          161  (10)
        Force.com
      Social Computing Services                    171  (22)
        What Constitutes "Social" Computing?       171  (2)
        Case Study: Facebook                       173  (7)
        Extending Open Graph                       180  (1)
        Social Media Web Site: Picasa              181  (4)
        Micro-Blogging: Twitter                    185  (3)
        Open Social Platform from Google           188  (1)
        Privacy Issues: OAuth                      188  (5)
      Document Services: Google Docs               193  (7)
        Using Google Docs Portal                   193  (2)
        Using Google Docs APIs                     195  (5)
      Summary                                      200  (2)
      References                                   202  (3)
    Chapter 5 Paradigms for Developing Cloud       205  (50)
    Applications
      Introduction                                 205  (1)
      Scalable Data Storage Techniques             205  (19)
        Example: Pustak Portal Data                207  (1)
        Scaling Storage: Partitioning              208  (9)
        NoSQL Systems: Key-Value Stores            217  (5)
        NoSQL Systems: Object Databases            222  (2)
      MapReduce Revisited                          224  (13)
        A Deeper Look at the Working of            225  (4)
        MapReduce Programs
        Fundamental Concepts Underlying            229  (3)
        MapReduce Paradigm
        Some Algorithms Using MapReduce            232  (5)
      Rich Internet Applications                   237  (12)
        Getting Started                            237  (2)
        A Simple (Hello World) Example             239  (3)
        Client-Server Example; RSS Feed Reader     242  (2)
        Advanced Platform Functionality            244  (1)
        Advanced Example: Implementing Pustak      245  (4)
        Portal
      Summary                                      249  (2)
      References                                   251  (4)
    Chapter 6 Addressing the Cloud Challenges      255  (52)
      Introduction                                 255  (1)
      Scaling Computation                          256  (16)
        Scale Out versus Scale Up                  256  (1)
        Amdahl's Law                               257  (1)
        Scaling Cloud Applications with a          258  (2)
        Reverse Proxy
        Hybrid Cloud and Cloud Bursting:           260  (3)
        OpenNebula
        Design of a Scalable Cloud Platform:       263  (3)
        Eucalyptus
        ZooKeeper: A Scalable Distributed          266  (6)
        Coordination System.
      Scaling Storage                              272  (12)
        CAP Theorem                                272  (3)
        Implementing Weak Consistency              275  (5)
        Consistency in NoSQL Systems               280  (4)
      Multi-Tenancy                                284  (14)
        Multi-Tenancy Levels                       285  (1)
        Tenants and Users                          286  (1)
        Authentication                             287  (1)
        Implementing Multi-Tenancy: Resource       287  (4)
        Sharing
        Case Study: Multi-Tenancy in               291  (3)
        Salesforce.com
        Multi-Tenancy and Security in Hadoop       294  (4)
      Availability                                 298  (3)
        Failure Detection                          298  (1)
        Application Recovery                       299  (1)
        Librato Availability Services              299  (1)
        Use of Web Services Model                  300  (1)
      Summary                                      301  (2)
      References                                   303  (4)
    Chapter 7 Designing Cloud Security             307  (22)
      Introduction                                 307  (1)
      Cloud Security Requirements and Best         308  (3)
      Practices
        Physical Security                          309  (1)
        Virtual Security                           309  (2)
      Risk Management                              311  (2)
        Risk Management Concepts                   311  (1)
        Risk Management Process                    312  (1)
      Security Design Patterns                     313  (3)
        Defense in Depth                           313  (1)
        Honeypots                                  313  (1)
        Sandboxes                                  313  (1)
        Network Patterns                           314  (1)
        Common Management Database                 314  (1)
        Example: Security Design for a PaaS        314  (2)
        System
      Security Architecture Standards              316  (2)
        SSE-CMM                                    316  (1)
        ISO/IEC 27001-27006                        316  (1)
        European Network and Information           317  (1)
        Security Agency (ENISA)
        ITIL Security Management                   317  (1)
      Legal and Regulatory Issues                  318  (5)
        Third-party Issues                         319  (1)
        Data Handling                              320  (2)
        Litigation Related Issues                  322  (1)
      Selecting a Cloud Service Provider           323  (2)
        Listing the Risks                          323  (1)
        Security Criteria for Selecting a Cloud    324  (1)
        Service Provider
      Cloud Security Evaluation Frameworks         325  (1)
        Cloud Security Alliance                    325  (1)
        Trusted Computing Group                    326  (1)
      Summary                                      326  (1)
      References                                   327  (2)
    Chapter 8 Managing the Cloud                   329  (22)
      Introduction                                 329  (1)
      Managing IaaS                                330  (9)
        Management of CloudSystem Matrix           330  (6)
        EC2 Management: Amazon CloudWatch          336  (3)
      Managing PaaS                                339  (3)
        Management of Windows Azure                339  (3)
      Managing SaaS                                342  (2)
        Monitoring Force.com: Netcharts            342  (1)
        Monitoring Force.com: Nimsoft              342  (2)
      Other Cloud-Scale Management Systems         344  (3)
        HP Cloud Assure                            344  (1)
        RightScale                                 345  (1)
        Compuware                                  346  (1)
      Summary                                      347  (1)
      References                                   348  (3)
    Chapter 9 Related Technologies                 351  (38)
      Introduction                                 351  (1)
      Server Virtualization                        351  (10)
        Hypervisor-based Virtualization            353  (1)
        Techniques for Hypervisors                 354  (2)
        Hardware Support for Virtualization        356  (5)
      Two Popular Hypervisors                      361  (2)
        VMware Virtualization Software             361  (1)
        XenServer Virtual Machine Monitor          362  (1)
      Storage Virtualization                       363  (11)
        File Virtualization                        363  (6)
        Block Virtualization                       369  (5)
      Grid Computing                               374  (7)
        Overview of Grid Computing                 374  (1)
        A Closer Look at Grid Technologies         375  (3)
        Comparing Grid and Cloud                   378  (3)
      Other Cloud-Related Technologies             381  (3)
        Distributed Computing                      381  (2)
        Utility Computing                          383  (1)
        Autonomic Computing                        383  (1)
        Application Service Providers              384  (1)
      Summary                                      384  (1)
      References                                   385  (4)
    Chapter 10 Future Trends and Research          389  (38)
    Directions
      Introduction                                 389  (1)
      Emerging Standards                           389  (9)
        Storage Networking Industry Association    390  (4)
        (SNIA)
        DMTF Reference Architecture                394  (2)
        NIST                                       396  (1)
        IEEE                                       397  (1)
        Open Grid Forum (OGF)                      397  (1)
      Cloud Benchmarks                             398  (10)
        Cloudstone                                 399  (3)
        Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark             402  (3)
        CloudCMP                                   405  (3)
      End-User Programming                         408  (7)
        Visual Programming                         409  (1)
        Programming by Example                     409  (6)
      Open Cirrus                                  415  (4)
        Process of Getting onto Open Cirrus        415  (1)
        Management of Large Scale Cloud            416  (2)
        Research Tests
        Node Reservation System                    418  (1)
        Scalable Monitoring System                 419  (1)
        Cloud Sustainability Dashboard             419  (1)
      Open Research Problems in Cloud Computing    419  (4)
      Summary                                      423  (1)
      References                                   424  (3)
Index                                              427