Preface                                            xi
    1 Getting Started                              1  (22)
      1.1 Installing the Integrated Development    4  (4)
      Environment (IDE)
      1.2 Setting Up the Arduino Board             8  (2)
      1.3 Using the Integrated Development         10 (3)
      Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino
      Sketch
      1.4 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch   13 (1)
      1.5 Creating and Saving a Sketch             14 (3)
      1.6 Using Arduino                            17 (6)
    2 Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding            23 (46)
      2.1 Structuring an Arduino Program           24 (1)
      2.2 Using Simple Primitive Types             25 (2)
      (Variables)
      2.3 Using Floating-Point Numbers             27 (2)
      2.4 Working with Groups of Values            29 (3)
      2.5 Using Arduino String Functionality       32 (5)
      2.6 Using C Character Strings                37 (1)
      2.7 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into      38 (3)
      Groups
      2.8 Converting a Number to a String          41 (2)
      2.9 Converting a String to a Number          43 (2)
      2.10 Structuring Your Code into              45 (4)
      Functional Blocks
      2.11 Returning More Than One Value from a    49 (3)
      Function
      2.12 Taking Actions Based on Conditions      52 (1)
      2.13 Repeating a Sequence of Statements      53 (2)
      2.14 Repeating Statements with a Counter     55 (3)
      2.15 Breaking Out of Loops                   58 (1)
      2.16 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on    59 (2)
      a Single Variable
      2.17 Comparing Character and Numeric         61 (2)
      Values
      2.18 Comparing Strings                       63 (1)
      2.19 Performing Logical Comparisons          64 (1)
      2.20 Performing Bitwise Operations           65 (3)
      2.21 Combining Operations and Assignment     68 (1)
    3 Using Mathematical Operators                 69 (20)
      3.1 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and    69 (1)
      Dividing
      3.2 Incrementing and Decrementing Values     70 (1)
      3.3 Finding the Remainder After Dividing     71 (1)
      Two Values
      3.4 Determining the Absolute Value           72 (1)
      3.5 Constraining a Number to a Range of      73 (1)
      Values
      3.6 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of        74 (1)
      Some Values
      3.7 Raising a Number to a Power              75 (1)
      3.8 Taking the Square Root                   76 (1)
      3.9 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up       76 (1)
      and Down
      3.10 Using Trigonometric Functions           77 (1)
      3.11 Generating Random Numbers               78 (2)
      3.12 Setting and Reading Bits                80 (4)
      3.13 Shifting Bits                           84 (1)
      3.14 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an     85 (2)
      int or long
      3.15 Forming an int or long from High and    87 (2)
      Low Bytes
    4 Serial Communications                        89 (58)
      4.1 Sending Debug Information from           94 (3)
      Arduino to Your Computer
      4.2 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric       97 (3)
      Data from Arduino
      4.3 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino         100(5)
      4.4 Sending Multiple Text Fields from        105(6)
      Arduino in a Single Message
      4.5 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a      111(3)
      Single Message in Arduino
      4.6 Sending Binary Data from Arduino         114(4)
      4.7 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on    118(2)
      a Computer
      4.8 Sending Binary Values from Processing    120(2)
      to Arduino
      4.9 Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino    122(3)
      Pins
      4.10 How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC    125(5)
      or Mac
      4.11 Controlling Google Earth Using          130(5)
      Arduino
      4.12 Logging Arduino Data to a File on       135(3)
      Your Computer
      4.13 Sending Data to Two Serial Devices      138(3)
      at the Same Time
      4.14 Receiving Serial Data from Two          141(4)
      Devices at the Same Time
      4.15 Setting Up Processing on Your           145(2)
      Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data
    5 Simple Digital and Analog Input              147(34)
      5.1 Using a Switch                           150(4)
      5.2 Using a Switch Without External          154(1)
      Resistors
      5.3 Reliably Detecting the Closing of a      155(3)
      Switch
      5.4 Determining How Long a Switch Is         158(5)
      Pressed
      5.5 Reading a Keypad                         163(3)
      5.6 Reading Analog Values                    166(2)
      5.7 Changing the Range of Values             168(2)
      5.8 Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs      170(3)
      5.9 Displaying Voltages Up to 5V             173(3)
      5.10 Responding to Changes in Voltage        176(1)
      5.11 Measuring Voltages More Than 5V         177(4)
      (Voltage Dividers)
    6 Getting Input from Sensors                   181(60)
      6.1 Detecting Movement                       183(3)
      6.2 Detecting Light                          186(1)
      6.3 Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive    187(2)
      Infrared Detectors)
      6.4 Measuring Distance                       189(4)
      6.5 Measuring Distance Accurately            193(4)
      6.6 Detecting Vibration                      197(1)
      6.7 Detecting Sound                          198(4)
      6.8 Measuring Temperature                    202(4)
      6.9 Reading RFID Tags                        206(2)
      6.10 Tracking Rotary Movement                208(3)
      6.11 Tracking the Movement of More Than      211(3)
      One Rotary Encoder
      6.12 Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy      214(2)
      Sketch
      6.13 Using a Mouse                           216(4)
      6.14 Getting Location from a GPS             220(5)
      6.15 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope    225(5)
      6.16 Detecting Direction                     230(5)
      6.17 Getting Input from a Game Control       235(2)
      Pad (PlayStation)
      6.18 Reading Acceleration                    237(4)
    7 Visual Output                                241(48)
      7.1 Connecting and Using LEDs                245(3)
      7.2 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED       248(1)
      7.3 Driving High-Power LEDs                  249(3)
      7.4 Adjusting the Color of an LED            252(3)
      7.5 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a     255(3)
      Bar Graph
      7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a       258(1)
      Chase Sequence (Knight Rider)
      7.7 Controlling an LED Matrix Using          259(3)
      Multiplexing
      7.8 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix       262(3)
      7.9 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs:            265(6)
      Charlieplexing
      7.10 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display         271(3)
      7.11 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED       274(2)
      Displays: Multiplexing
      7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED       276(3)
      Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers
      7.13 Controlling an Array of LEDs by         279(2)
      Using MAX72xx Shift Registers
      7.14 Increasing the Number of Analog         281(4)
      Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940)
      7.15 Using an Analog Panel Meter as a        285(4)
      Display
    8 Physical Output                              289(38)
      8.1 Controlling the Position of a Servo      292(2)
      8.2 Controlling One or Two Servos with a     294(2)
      Potentiometer or Sensor
      8.3 Controlling the Speed of Continuous      296(2)
      Rotation Servos
      8.4 Controlling Servos Using Computer        298(1)
      Commands
      8.5 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a       299(1)
      Hobby Speed Controller)
      8.6 Controlling Solenoids and Relays         300(2)
      8.7 Making an Object Vibrate                 302(2)
      8.8 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a          304(2)
      Transistor
      8.9 Controlling the Direction of a           306(3)
      Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
      8.10 Controlling the Direction and Speed     309(2)
      of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge
      8.11 Using Sensors to Control the            311(6)
      Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors
      (L293 H-Bridge)
      8.12 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor         317(3)
      8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor         320(3)
      (Using the EasyDriver Board)
      8.14 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor        323(4)
      (ULN2003A)
    9 Audio Output                                 327(20)
      9.1 Playing Tones                            329(2)
      9.2 Playing a Simple Melody                  331(2)
      9.3 Generating More Than One Simultaneous    333(2)
      Tone
      9.4 Generating Audio Tones and Fading an     335(3)
      LED
      9.5 Playing a WAV File                       338(3)
      9.6 Controlling MIDI                         341(3)
      9.7 Making an Audio Synthesizer              344(3)
    10 Remotely Controlling External Devices       347(16)
      10.1 Responding to an Infrared Remote        348(2)
      Control
      10.2 Decoding Infrared Remote Control        350(4)
      Signals
      10.3 Imitating Remote Control Signals        354(3)
      10.4 Controlling a Digital Camera            357(2)
      10.5 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a     359(4)
      Remote-Controlled Switch
    11 Using Displays                              363(34)
      11.1 Connecting and Using a Text LCD         364(3)
      Display
      11.2 Formatting Text                         367(3)
      11.3 Turning the Cursor and Display On or    370(2)
      Off
      11.4 Scrolling Text                          372(3)
      11.5 Displaying Special Symbols              375(2)
      11.6 Creating Custom Characters              377(2)
      11.7 Displaying Symbols Larger Than a        379(3)
      Single Character
      11.8 Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a        382(3)
      Single Character
      11.9 Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD    385(4)
      Display
      11.10 Creating Bitmaps for Use with a        389(2)
      Graphical Display
      11.11 Displaying Text on a TV                391(6)
    12 Using Time and Dates                        397(24)
      12.1 Creating Delays                         397(1)
      12.2 Using millis to Determine Duration      398(4)
      12.3 More Precisely Measuring the            402(2)
      Duration of a Pulse
      12.4 Using Arduino as a Clock                404(8)
      12.5 Creating an Alarm to Periodically       412(3)
      Call a Function
      12.6 Using a Real-Time Clock                 415(6)
    13 Communicating Using I2C and SPI             421(38)
      13.1 Controlling an RGB LED Using the        425(5)
      BlinkM Module
      13.2 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer    430(5)
      13.3 Interfacing to an External Real-Time    435(2)
      Clock
      13.4 Adding External EEPROM Memory           437(4)
      13.5 Reading Temperature with a Digital      441(4)
      Thermometer
      13.6 Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using       445(4)
      Only Two Wires
      13.7 Integrating an I2C Port Expander        449(2)
      13.8 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment           451(3)
      Displays Using SPI
      13.9 Communicating Between Two or More       454(5)
      Arduino Boards
    14 Wireless Communication                      459(36)
      14.1 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost         459(6)
      Wireless Modules
      14.2 Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or       465(7)
      802.15.4 Network
      14.3 Sending a Message to a Particular       472(3)
      XBee
      14.4 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees       475(5)
      14.5 Activating an Actuator Connected to     480(6)
      an XBee
      14.6 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost         486(5)
      Transceivers
      14.7 Communicating with Bluetooth Devices    491(4)
    15 Ethernet and Networking                     495(66)
      15.1 Setting Up the Ethernet Shield          498(2)
      15.2 Obtaining Your IP Address               500(2)
      Automatically
      15.3 Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses     502(2)
      (DNS)
      15.4 Requesting Data from a Web Server       504(4)
      15.5 Requesting Data from a Web Server       508(3)
      Using XML
      15.6 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web       511(3)
      Server
      15.7 Handling Incoming Web Requests          514(3)
      15.8 Handling Incoming Requests for          517(4)
      Specific Pages
      15.9 Using HTML to Format Web Server         521(4)
      Responses
      15.10 Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST)   525(3)
      15.11 Serving Web Pages Containing Large     528(7)
      Amounts of Data
      15.12 Sending Twitter Messages               535(4)
      15.13 Sending and Receiving Simple           539(6)
      Messages (UDP)
      15.14 Getting the Time from an Internet      545(5)
      Time Server
      15.15 Monitoring Pachube Feeds               550(6)
      15.16 Sending Information to Pachube         556(5)
    16 Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries    561(22)
      16.1 Using the Built-in Libraries            561(2)
      16.2 Installing Third-Party Libraries        563(2)
      16.3 Modifying a Library                     565(3)
      16.4 Creating Your Own Library               568(6)
      16.5 Creating a Library That Uses Other      574(6)
      Libraries
      16.6 Updating Third-Party Libraries for      580(3)
      Arduino 1.0
    17 Advanced Coding and Memory Handling         583(16)
      17.1 Understanding the Arduino Build         584(3)
      Process
      17.2 Determining the Amount of Free and      587(2)
      Used RAM
      17.3 Storing and Retrieving Numeric          589(3)
      Values in Program Memory
      17.4 Storing and Retrieving Strings in       592(2)
      Program Memory
      17.5 Using #define and const Instead of      594(1)
      Integers
      17.6 Using Conditional Compilations          595(4)
    18 Using the Controller Chip Hardware          599(38)
      18.1 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM        603(3)
      Memory
      18.2 Using Hardware Interrupts               606(3)
      18.3 Setting Timer Duration                  609(2)
      18.4 Setting Timer Pulse Width and           611(3)
      Duration
      18.5 Creating a Pulse Generator              614(3)
      18.6 Changing a Timer's PWM Frequency        617(3)
      18.7 Counting Pulses                         620(1)
      18.8 Measuring Pulses More Accurately        621(3)
      18.9 Measuring Analog Values Quickly         624(2)
      18.10 Reducing Battery Drain                 626(2)
      18.11 Setting Digital Pins Quickly           628(3)
      18.12 Uploading Sketches Using a             631(1)
      Programmer
      18.13 Replacing the Arduino Bootloader       632(1)
      18.14 Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a         633(4)
      Native USB device
A Electronic Components                            637(6)
B Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets         643(8)
C Building and Connecting the Circuit              651(4)
D Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems        655(4)
E Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems        659(4)
F Digital and Analog Pins                          663(4)
G ASCII and Extended Character Sets                667(4)
H Migrating to Arduino 1.0                         671(6)
Index                                              677