foreword                                           xv
preface                                            xvii
acknowledgments                                    xxi
about the cover illustration                       xxiii
  PART 1 THE BASICS                                1    (58)
    1 Entering the world of event processing       3    (27)
      1.1 Event-driven behavior and                4    (6)
      event-driven computing
        What we mean by events                     4    (1)
        Event-driven behavior in daily life        5    (2)
        Examples of computerized event             7    (2)
        processing
        Categories of event processing             9    (1)
        applications
      1.2 Introduction to event processing         10   (4)
        What we mean by event processing           10   (1)
        Event processing and its relationship      11   (2)
        to the real world
        Reasons for using event processing         13   (1)
      1.3 The business value of an event           14   (2)
      processing platform
        Effectiveness issues                       15   (1)
        Efficiency issues                          15   (1)
        When to use dedicated event processing     16   (1)
        software
      1.4 Event processing and its connection      16   (5)
      to related concepts
        Event-driven business process management   17   (1)
        Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)         18   (1)
        Business intelligence (BI)                 18   (1)
        Business rule management systems (BRMSs)   19   (1)
        Network and System Management              20   (1)
        Message-oriented middleware (MOM)          20   (1)
        Stream computing                           21   (1)
      1.5 The Fast Flower Delivery application     21   (3)
        General description                        22   (1)
        Skeleton specification                     22   (2)
      1.6 Using this book's website                24   (3)
      1.7 Summary                                  27   (3)
        Additional reading                         28   (1)
        Exercises                                  28   (2)
    2 Principles of event processing               30   (29)
      2.1 Events and event-based programming       31   (9)
        The background: request-response           31   (2)
        interactions
        Events and the principle of decoupling     33   (2)
        Push-style event interactions              35   (1)
        Channel-based event distribution           36   (1)
        Using request-response interactions to     37   (2)
        distribute events
        Event processing and service-oriented      39   (1)
        architecture
      2.2 Main concepts of event processing        40   (7)
        Event processing architecture              40   (3)
        Event processing networks                  43   (1)
        Types of intermediary event processing     44   (3)
      2.3 Modeling event processing networks       47   (10)
        What is building block?                    47   (2)
        Information in a definition element        49   (1)
        The seven fundamental building blocks      50   (1)
        Event processing agents                    51   (2)
        Event processing networks                  53   (4)
      2.4 Summary                                  57   (2)
        Additional reading                         57   (1)
        Exercises                                  58   (1)
  PART 2 THE BUILDING BLOCKS                       59   (194)
    3 Defining the events                          61   (25)
      3.1 Event types                              62   (3)
        Logical structure of an event              62   (2)
        Event type building block                  64   (1)
      3.2 Header attributes                        65   (5)
        Event type description attributes          65   (2)
        Header attribute indicators                67   (3)
      3.3 Payload attributes                       70   (4)
        Data types                                 70   (2)
        Attributes with semantic roles             72   (1)
        Open content indicator                     73   (1)
        Payload example                            73   (1)
      3.4 Relationships between event types        74   (1)
      3.5 Event types in the Fast Flower           75   (4)
      Delivery example
        Header attributes                          75   (1)
        Event type definition elements             76   (2)
        Event instance example                     78   (1)
      3.6 Event representation in practice         79   (5)
        Event structure                            79   (2)
        Defining event types in current event      81   (2)
        processing platforms
        Standards for interchanging event types    83   (1)
        and event instances
      3.7 Summary                                  84   (2)
        Additional Reading                         85   (1)
        Exercises                                  85   (1)
    4 Producing the events                         86   (14)
      4.1 Event producer: concept and              87   (3)
      definition element
        Event producer definition element          87   (1)
        Event producer details                     88   (1)
        Output terminal details                    89   (1)
        Producer relationships                     90   (1)
      4.2 The various kinds of event producers     90   (6)
        Hardware event producers                   91   (1)
        Software event producers                   92   (1)
        Human interaction                          93   (1)
        Interfacing with an event producer         94   (1)
        Interaction patterns                       94   (1)
        Queriable event producers                  95   (1)
        Interfacing mechanisms                     95   (1)
      4.3 Producers in the Fast Flower Delivery    96   (2)
      application
        The four event producers                   96   (2)
      4.4 Summary                                  98   (2)
        Additional reading                         98   (1)
        Exercises                                  99   (1)
    5 Consuming the events                         100  (15)
      5.1 Event consumer: concept and              101  (2)
      definition element
        Event consumer definition element          101  (1)
        Event consumer details                     102  (1)
        Input terminal details                     102  (1)
        Consumer relationships                     103  (1)
      5.2 The various kinds of event consumers     103  (6)
        Hardware event consumers                   104  (1)
        Human interaction                          105  (3)
        Software event consumers                   108  (1)
      5.3 Interfacing with event consumers         109  (3)
        Interaction patterns                       110  (1)
        Interfacing mechanisms                     111  (1)
      5.4 Consumers in the Fast Flower Delivery    112  (1)
      example
        The three event consumers                  112  (1)
      5.5 Summary                                  113  (2)
        Additional reading                         114  (1)
        Exercises                                  114  (1)
    6 The event processing network                 115  (28)
      6.1 Event processing networks                116  (5)
        Event processing network and its           116  (2)
        notation
        Nested event processing networks           118  (1)
        Implementation perspective                 119  (2)
        Benefits of an event processing network    121  (1)
        model
      6.2 Event processing agents                  121  (13)
        Functions of an event processing agent     121  (2)
        Types of event processing agents           123  (1)
        Filter event processing agent              123  (2)
        Transformation event processing agents     125  (2)
        Pattern detect event processing agent      127  (1)
        Event processing agent definition          127  (2)
        element
        Event processing agents in the Fast        129  (5)
        Flower Delivery application
      6.3 Event channels                           134  (4)
        Event channel notion                       134  (2)
        Routing schemes                            136  (1)
        Channels in the Fast Flower Delivery       136  (2)
        application
      6.4 Global state elements                    138  (2)
      6.5 Event processing networks in practice    140  (1)
      6.6 Summary                                  141  (2)
        Additional reading                         141  (1)
        Exercises                                  142  (1)
    7 Putting events in context                    143  (33)
      7.1 The notion of context and its            144  (3)
      definition element
      7.2 Temporal context                         147  (7)
        Fixed interval                             149  (1)
        Event interval                             150  (2)
        Sliding fixed interval                     152  (1)
        Sliding event interval                     153  (1)
      7.3 Spatial context                          154  (6)
        Fixed location                             155  (3)
        Entity distance location                   158  (1)
        Event distance location                    159  (1)
      7.4 State-oriented context                   160  (1)
      7.5 Segmentation-oriented context            161  (1)
      7.6 Context initiator policies               162  (2)
      7.7 Composite contexts                       164  (4)
        The notion of composite context            165  (1)
        Priority ordering in context composition   166  (2)
      7.8 Contexts in the Fast Flower Delivery     168  (5)
      application
      7.9 Context definitions in practice          173  (2)
      7.10 Summary                                 175  (1)
        Additional reading                         175  (1)
        Exercises                                  175  (1)
    8 Filtering and transformation                 176  (38)
      8.1 Filtering in the event processing        177  (10)
      network
        Filtering on an input terminal             177  (6)
        Filtering in an event processing agent     183  (2)
        Filtering and event processing contexts    185  (1)
        Stateful filtering in an event             186  (1)
        processing agent
      8.2 Transformation in depth                  187  (18)
        Project, translate, and enrich             188  (6)
        Split                                      194  (2)
        Aggregate                                  196  (3)
        Compose                                    199  (3)
        Header attributes and validation           202  (3)
      8.3 Examples in the Fast Flower Delivery     205  (5)
      application
      8.4 Filtering and transformation in          210  (2)
      practice
      8.5 Summary                                  212  (2)
        Additional reading                         212  (1)
        Exercises                                  213  (1)
    9 Detecting event patterns                     214  (39)
      9.1 Introduction to event patterns           215  (4)
        The Pattern detect event processing        215  (1)
        agent
        Pattern definitions                        216  (3)
        Event pattern types                        219  (1)
      9.2 Basic patterns                           219  (9)
        Logical operator patterns                  220  (3)
        Threshold patterns                         223  (3)
        Subset selection pattern                   226  (1)
        Modal patterns                             227  (1)
      9.3 Dimensional patterns                     228  (9)
        The temporal order patterns                228  (2)
        Trend patterns                             230  (2)
        Spatial patterns                           232  (3)
        Spatiotemporal patterns                    235  (2)
      9.4 Pattern policies                         237  (6)
        Evaluation policies                        237  (1)
        Cardinality policies                       238  (1)
        Repeated type policies                     238  (2)
        Consumption policies                       240  (2)
        Order policies                             242  (1)
      9.5 Patterns reference table                 243  (1)
      9.6 The Fast Flower Delivery patterns        244  (3)
      9.7 Pattern detection in practice            247  (3)
      9.8 Summary                                  250  (3)
        Additional reading                         251  (1)
        Exercises                                  251  (2)
  PART 3 PRAGMATICS                                253  (60)
    10 Engineering and implementation              255  (28)
    considerations
      10.1 Event processing programming in         256  (8)
      practice
        Stream-oriented programming style          256  (4)
        Rule-oriented languages                    260  (3)
        Development environments                   263  (1)
      10.2 Non-functional properties               264  (5)
        Scalability                                265  (2)
        Availability                               267  (1)
        Security                                   268  (1)
      10.3 Performance objectives                  269  (2)
      10.4 Optimization types                      271  (5)
        EPA assignment optimizations               271  (3)
        EPA code optimizations                     274  (2)
        Execution optimizations                    276  (1)
      10.5 Event processing validation and         276  (5)
      auditing
        Static analysis of event processing        277  (2)
        networks
        Dynamic analysis of event processing       279  (1)
        networks
        Event processing auditing                  280  (1)
      10.6 Summary                                 281  (2)
        Additional reading                         281  (1)
        Exercises                                  282  (1)
    11 Today's event processing challenges         283  (20)
      11.1 The temporal semantics of event         284  (11)
      processing
        Occurrence time: time point versus         284  (2)
        interval
        Temporal issues concerned with derived     286  (5)
        events
        Event order and out-of-order semantics     291  (4)
      11.2 Inexact event processing                295  (4)
        Uncertain events and inexact event         295  (2)
        content
        Inexact matching between events and        297  (1)
        situations
        Handling inexact event processing          298  (1)
      11.3 Retraction and causality                299  (2)
        Event retraction                           299  (1)
        Event causality                            300  (1)
      11.4 Summary                                 301  (2)
        Exercises                                  301  (2)
    12 Emerging directions of event processing     303  (10)
      12.1 Event processing trends                 303  (6)
        Going from narrow to wide                  304  (1)
        Going from monolithic to diversified       304  (1)
        Going from proprietary to                  305  (1)
        standards-based
        Going from programming-centered to         306  (1)
        semi-technical development tools
        Going from stand-alone to embedded         307  (2)
        Going from reactive to proactive           309  (1)
      12.2 Future directions in event              309  (3)
      processing technology
        Event processing virtual platforms         310  (1)
        Event processing optimization              310  (1)
        Event processing software engineering      311  (1)
        Intelligent event processing               311  (1)
      12.3 Epilogue                                312  (1)
appendix A Definitions                             313  (10)
appendix B The Fast Flower Delivery application    323  (28)
index                                              351