Preface                                            xi
Acknowledgments                                    xv
    Introduction                                   1  (28)
      What is computational fluid dynamics         1  (3)
      Advantages of computational fluid dynamics   4  (2)
      Application of computational fluid           6  (18)
      dynamics
        As a research tool                         6  (2)
        As an education tool to learn basic        8  (1)
        thermal-fluid science
        As a design tool                           9  (1)
        Aerospace                                  9  (1)
        Automotive engineering                     10 (5)
        Chemical and mineral processing            15 (3)
        Civil and environmental engineering        18 (2)
        Power generation                           20 (2)
        Sports                                     22 (2)
      The future of computational fluid dynamics   24 (2)
      Summary                                      26 (3)
        Review questions                           27 (2)
    CFD Solution Procedure---A Beginning           29 (36)
      Introduction                                 29 (4)
      Problem setup---pre-process                  33 (13)
        Creation of geometry---step 1              33 (2)
        Mesh generation---step 2                   35 (2)
        Selection of physics and fluid             37 (3)
        properties---step 3
        Specification of boundary                  40 (6)
        conditions---step 4
      Numerical solution---CFD solver              46 (6)
        Initialization and solution                46 (3)
        control---step 5
        Monitoring convergence---step 6            49 (3)
      Result report and                            52 (10)
      visualization---post-process
        X-Y plots                                  53 (2)
        Vector plots                               55 (2)
        Contour plots                              57 (3)
        Other plots                                60 (1)
        Data report and output                     60 (1)
        Animation                                  61 (1)
      Summary                                      62 (3)
        Review questions                           63 (2)
    Governing Equations for CFD---Fundamentals     65 (61)
      Introduction                                 65 (1)
      The continuity equation                      65 (10)
        Mass conservation                          65 (4)
        Physical interpretation                    69 (5)
        Comments                                   74 (1)
      The momentum equation                        75 (15)
        Force balance                              75 (3)
        Physical interpretation                    78 (11)
        Comments                                   89 (1)
      The energy equation                          90 (10)
        Energy conservation                        90 (3)
        Physical interpretation                    93 (7)
        Comments                                   100(1)
      The additional equations for turbulent       100(10)
      flow
        What is turbulence                         100(2)
        k--ε Two-equation turbulence       102(7)
        model
        Comments                                   109(1)
      Generic form of the governing equations      110(7)
      for CFD
      Physical boundary conditions of the          117(3)
      governing equations
      Summary                                      120(6)
        Review questions                           122(4)
    CFD Techniques---The Basics                    126(54)
      Introduction                                 126(2)
      Discretization of governing equations        128(24)
        Finite-difference method                   128(6)
        Finite-volume method                       134(5)
        Converting governing equations to          139(13)
        algebraic equation system
      Numerical solutions to algebraic equations   152(23)
        Direct methods                             153(4)
        Iterative methods                          157(6)
        Pressure-velocity coupling---SIMPLE        163(12)
        scheme
      Summary                                      175(5)
        Review questions                           176(4)
    CFD Solution Analysis---Essentials             180(44)
      Introduction                                 180(1)
      Consistency                                  181(4)
      Stability                                    185(7)
      Convergence                                  192(7)
        What is convergence                        192(1)
        Residuals and convergence tolerance        193(3)
        Convergence difficulty and using           196(2)
        under-relaxation
        Accelerating convergence                   198(1)
      Accuracy                                     199(10)
        Source of solution errors                  200(6)
        Controlling the solution errors            206(2)
        Verification and validation                208(1)
      Efficiency                                   209(3)
      Case studies                                 212(9)
        Test case A: channel flow                  212(3)
        Test case B: flow over a 90° bend      215(6)
      Summary                                      221(3)
        Review questions                           222(2)
    Practical Guidelines for CFD Simulation and    224(53)
    Analysis
      Introduction                                 224(1)
      Guidelines on grid generation                225(17)
        Overview of grid generation                225(9)
        Guidelines on grid quality and grid        234(4)
        design
        Local refinement and solution adaptation   238(4)
      Guidelines on boundary conditions            242(8)
        Overview of setting boundary conditions    242(2)
        Guidelines on inlet boundary conditions    244(2)
        Guidelines on outlet boundary conditions   246(1)
        Guidelines on wall boundary conditions     247(1)
        Guidelines on symmetry and periodic        248(2)
        boundary conditions
      Guidelines on turbulence modeling            250(21)
        Overview of turbulence modeling            250(3)
        approaches
        Strategy for selecting turbulence models   253(6)
        Near-wall treatments                       259(4)
        Setting boundary conditions                263(2)
        Test case: assessment of two-equation      265(6)
        turbulence modeling for hydrofoil flows
      Summary                                      271(6)
        Review questions                           272(5)
    Some Applications of CFD with Examples         277(87)
      Introduction                                 277(1)
      To assist in design process---as a design    278(8)
      tool
        Indoor airflow distribution                278(8)
      To enhance understanding---as a research     286(9)
      tool
      Other important applications                 295(61)
        Heat transfer coupled with fluid flow      295(19)
        A buoyant free-standing fire               314(6)
        Flow over vehicle platoon                  320(6)
        Air/Particle flow in the human nasal       326(8)
        cavity
        High-speed flows                           334(22)
      Summary                                      356(8)
        Review questions                           358(6)
    Some Advanced Topics in CFD                    364(46)
      Introduction                                 364(1)
      Advances in numerical methods and            364(20)
      techniques
        Incompressible flows                       364(4)
        Compressible flows                         368(7)
        Moving grids                               375(2)
        Multigrid methods                          377(2)
        Parallel computing                         379(2)
        Immersed boundary methods                  381(3)
      Advances in computational models             384(16)
        Direct numerical simulation (DNS)          384(3)
        Large eddy simulation (LES)                387(3)
        RANS-LES coupling for turbulent flows      390(2)
        Multiphase flows                           392(2)
        Combustion                                 394(2)
        Fluid-structure interaction                396(2)
        Physiological fluid dynamics               398(2)
      Other numerical approaches for               400(6)
      computation of fluid dynamics
        Lattice Boltzmann method                   401(1)
        Monte Carlo method                         402(2)
        Particle methods                           404(2)
      Summary                                      406(4)
        Review questions                           407(3)
Appendix A Full Derivation of Conservation         410(4)
Equations
Appendix B Upwind Schemes                          414(2)
Appendix C Explicit and Implicit Methods           416(2)
Appendix D Learning Program                        418(3)
Appendix E CFD Assignments and Guideline for       421(16)
CFD Project
References                                         437(16)
Further Suggested Reading                          453(2)
Index                                              455