Preface                                            xxi
    The Rise of Jewish Nationalism                 3   (15)
      Acculturation and Historical Memory          3   (3)
      Forerunners of Zionism                       6   (4)
      European Nationalism and Russian Upheaval    10  (3)
      Palestine as Refuge and Renaissance          13  (3)
      The Chovevei Zion                            16  (2)
    The Beginning of the Return                    18  (18)
      The Link with the Land                       18  (2)
      Palestine and European Consciousness         20  (2)
      The ``Old Settlement''                       22  (2)
      The ``Old Settlement'' Stirs                 24  (2)
      The First Aliyah                             26  (4)
      ``The Well-known Benefactor''                30  (2)
      The Bridgehead Widens                        32  (4)
    Herzl and the Rise of Political Zionism        36  (29)
      The Complete European                        36  (2)
      Der Judenstaat                               38  (3)
      From Theorist to Activist: The Zionist       41  (6)
      Congress
      The Kaiser and the Sultan                    47  (5)
      The British Connection                       52  (4)
      Achad HaAm, Easterners, and the              56  (3)
      Democratic Fraction
      A Final Diplomatic Effort and the            59  (4)
      ``Uganda'' Crisis
      Herzl: A Last Assessment                     63  (2)
    The Growth of the Yishuv                       65  (24)
      Zionism after Herzl                          65  (2)
      The Growth of Zionist Parties                67  (2)
      Labor Zionism                                69  (2)
      The Second Aliyah                            71  (3)
      The Conquest of Labor                        74  (3)
      The Collective Settlement                    77  (3)
      The Guild of Watchmen                        80  (2)
      The Conquest of Hebrew                       82  (3)
      The Yishuv Strives for Political Identity    85  (4)
    The Balfour Declaration                        89  (27)
      Palestine Jewry and the War                  89  (3)
      The Middle East and British War Policy       92  (4)
      The Origins of the Anglo-Zionist Alliance    96  (3)
      A Crucial Intermediary                       99  (2)
      The Quid Pro Quo of Jewish Friendship        101 (4)
      A Declaration Is Issued                      105 (7)
      The Jewish Legion and the Liberation of      112 (4)
      the Yishuv
    The Establishment of the Mandate               116 (22)
      A Definition of Frontiers                    116 (1)
      High and Early Hopes in the Holy Land        117 (5)
      The End of the Military Regime, The          122 (7)
      Reformulation of the Mandate
      The ``Constitution'' of the Mandate          129 (3)
      The Operation of the Mandate                 132 (2)
      The Roots of Self-Government                 134 (4)
    Building the Jewish National Home              138 (25)
      The Revival of the Zionist Organization      138 (2)
      The Contest for American Zionism, The        140 (4)
      Struggle for Land and Funds
      Immigrants and Ideologies                    144 (3)
      A New Utopia on the Soil                     147 (5)
      The Voice of Chalutziut                      152 (2)
      The Growth of Urban Settlement, The          154 (6)
      Struggle for Labor Unity
      The Creation of the Jewish Agency            160 (3)
    The Seeds of Arab-Jewish Confrontation         163 (32)
      Arabs and Jews Before the Mandate            163 (4)
      The Arabs of Palestine                       167 (4)
      A Failure of Perception, A Renewal of        171 (3)
      Violence
      The Aftermath of Violence                    174 (4)
      Polarization and a Failure of Definition     178 (5)
      The Revisionist Answer                       183 (5)
      The Fifth Aliyah, The Growth of the          188 (2)
      Capitalist Sector
      The Growth of Zionism                        190 (5)
    Britain Repudiates the Jewish National Home    195 (32)
      The Intrusion of the Axis                    195 (1)
      The Seeds of Arab Revolt                     196 (3)
      The Arab Revolt Begins                       199 (2)
      The Peel Commission                          201 (3)
      The Peel Report and Its Reception            204 (4)
      Partition in the Balance                     208 (2)
      The Arab Revolt Is Renewed                   210 (3)
      The Growth of Jewish Self-Defense            213 (4)
      Britain Retreats from Partition              217 (2)
      The London Round Table Conference            219 (3)
      The White Paper of 1939                      222 (5)
    Palestine in World War II                      227 (22)
      An Oscillation of British Fortunes           227 (2)
      A Lonely Ally                                229 (7)
      Tragedy and Rescue                           236 (4)
      Anglo-Zionist Diplomacy During the War       240 (3)
      The Rise of Jewish Militancy                 243 (6)
    The Yishuv Repudiates the Mandate              249 (30)
      The War Ends: Jewish and British             249 (5)
      Appraisals
      The United States and the Refugee Question   254 (4)
      The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry      258 (6)
      Jewish Extremism Intensified                 264 (3)
      The Illegal Immigration                      267 (3)
      Britain's Final Effort: The                  270 (9)
      Morrison-Grady Plan and the London
      Discussions
    The Birth of Israel                            279 (36)
      The Palestine Issue Reaches the United       279 (4)
      Nations
      The UNSCOP Reports                           283 (4)
      The United States Makes a Commitment         287 (5)
      The Vote for Partition                       292 (3)
      The Response to Partition                    295 (6)
      Partition in Jeopardy                        301 (3)
      The Jews Force the Issue                     304 (5)
      The Birth of Israel                          309 (6)
    The War of Independence                        315 (39)
      The Arab States Prepare for Invasion         315 (2)
      The Jews Face Invasion                       317 (2)
      Israel's Survival in the Balance             319 (5)
      The Battle for Jerusalem                     324 (3)
      The First United Nations Truce               327 (3)
      Territorial and Demographic Changes          330 (6)
      Bernadotte Makes a Proposal                  336 (3)
      The Battle for the Negev                     339 (3)
      The Final Campaign of the Palestine War      342 (5)
      Negotiations for an Armistice                347 (7)
    The Growth of the Israeli Republic             354 (41)
      The Framework of Government                  354 (3)
      Legislature and Executive                    357 (3)
      A Bicephalous Judiciary                      360 (2)
      Crises of Israeli Democracy                  362 (27)
        An Entanglement of Parties                 362 (4)
        Government by Coalition                    366 (3)
        The Bureaucracy                            369 (2)
        Demagoguery                                371 (5)
        Religion and State                         376 (6)
        The Arab Minority: Citizenship and         382 (4)
        Military Government
        The Arab Minority: Land and Economy        386 (3)
      Communal Structure in an Alien Society       389 (6)
    Ingathering and the Struggle for Economic      395 (34)
    Survival
      The Gates Open                               395 (1)
      The Oriental Immigration                     396 (7)
      The Shock of Absorption                      403 (2)
      Efforts to Disperse and Feed a Population    405 (4)
      The Crisis of the Israeli Economy            409 (2)
      The Role of the Public Sector                411 (4)
      The Immigration Resumes, The Roots of        415 (4)
      Social Crisis
      The North African Malaise                    419 (5)
      The Economy Revives                          424 (5)
    The Search for Peace and Security              429 (43)
      The Realities of Israel's Foreign Policy     429 (1)
      The Palestine Conciliation Commission,       430 (6)
      The Status of Jerusalem
      The Arab Refugees: The Fate of Abandoned     436 (3)
      Property
      The Arab Refugees: Repatriation versus       439 (4)
      Resettlement
      A Flickering of Border Violence              443 (2)
      Demilitarized Zones and Fedayeen             445 (5)
      The Dynamics of Arab Belligerency            450 (3)
      The Mechanics of Arab Belligerency           453 (5)
      Israel Looks to the West                     458 (3)
      The Quest for Soviet Friendship              461 (3)
      A Crisis of Conscience: To Negotiate with    464 (2)
      Germany
      The Treaty of Luxembourg and Shilumim        466 (4)
      The Balance Sheet                            470 (2)
    Sinai and Suez                                 472 (43)
      Nasser Casts a Shadow                        472 (3)
      Israel in Isolation                          475 (4)
      Dayan Creates a Fighting Force               479 (3)
      The Search for an Ally                       482 (3)
      Nasser Issues a Challenge                    485 (4)
      Israel Is Brought into the Picture           489 (4)
      Operation Kadesh Is Launched                 493 (4)
      ``The Separation of Combatants''             497 (2)
      Operation Kadesh Is Completed                499 (4)
      A World in Outrage                           503 (4)
      Israel Holds Out for Safeguards              507 (3)
      A Formula Is Devised                         510 (5)
    Years of Economic and Social Growth            515 (28)
      The Emergence of a Nation                    515 (2)
      The Conquest of Land and Water               517 (5)
      The Desert Unlocked, The Seas Opened         522 (6)
      The ``Takeoff'' Point                        528 (4)
      The Arab Minority                            532 (6)
      Israeli Jewry's ``Other Half''               538 (5)
    A Decade of Political and Diplomatic           543 (37)
    Achievement
      The Crisis of the Political                  543 (4)
      Establishment: The Lavon Affair
      The Aftermath: A Reconstruction of Parties   547 (5)
      The Eichmann Trial                           552 (7)
      The Courtship of Germany                     559 (3)
      Weapons and Diplomacy                        562 (5)
      Israel, France, and the European Economic    567 (5)
      Community
      Israel and the Developing Nations            572 (3)
      The Israeli-African Honeymoon                575 (5)
    Cultural and Ideological Currents              580 (35)
      The Rise of an Arab Intelligentsia           580 (3)
      The Growth of a Majority Culture:            583 (5)
      Education and Science
      The Search for Identity and Style            588 (2)
      Literature of the Soul: The ``Jewish''       590 (3)
      Generation
      ``The Palmach Generation''---And After       593 (2)
      The Crisis of Conscience                     595 (3)
      The Confrontation with Orthodoxy in Israel   598 (4)
      Who Is a Jew?                                602 (6)
      The Struggle for Flexibility Within          608 (3)
      Orthodoxy
      The Quest for Spiritual Alternatives         611 (4)
    The Six-Day War                                615 (52)
      A Fluctuation of Nasser's Fortunes           615 (2)
      A Syrian Tiger Is Loosed                     617 (3)
      Moscow Rides the Tiger                       620 (2)
      Nasser Returns to Gaza and Sharm es-Sheikh   622 (3)
      A Blockade Reimposed                         625 (3)
      Diplomatic Agony, Political Crisis           628 (4)
      A Massing of Arab Strength                   632 (3)
      The Sources of Israeli Military Power        635 (3)
      The Decision to Attack                       638 (1)
      An Aerial Thunderbolt, A Mailed Fist         639 (3)
      A Confusion of Arab Purposes                 642 (3)
      The World in Shock                           645 (2)
      Israel Conquers Sinai                        647 (3)
      ``Jerusalem the Golden''                     650 (5)
      Retribution on the Golan Heights             655 (6)
      A Diplomatic Consolidation                   661 (6)
    Israel as Empire                               667 (47)
      A Regime of Improvisation: Jerusalem         667 (2)
      The West Bank                                669 (4)
      Israel Waits for a ``Phone Call''            673 (4)
      Israel Tightens Its Grip                     677 (5)
      The Rise of Arab Guerrilla Resistance        682 (4)
      The Economic Impact of Israeli Occupation    686 (3)
      The War of Attrition                         689 (4)
      The Soviets Enlarge Their Presence           693 (4)
      The Mutation of Arab Guerrilla Resistance    697 (5)
      The Rise of Prosperity                       702 (2)
      Israel's Administered ``Common Market''      704 (4)
      Conflicting Visions of Israel's              708 (6)
      Territorial Future
    Israel and World Jewry                         714 (26)
      A Mobilization of the Diaspora               714 (4)
      Israel Reformulates Zionism                  718 (3)
      The Crisis of American Zionism               721 (3)
      The Diaspora Pays Its Dues                   724 (4)
      The Reconstruction of the Jewish Agency      728 (3)
      The ``Jews of Silence''                      731 (4)
      The Upheaval of Soviet Jewry                 735 (5)
    The War of the Day of Judgment                 740 (48)
      The Politics of Complacency                  740 (4)
      A Reevaluation of Military Posture           744 (2)
      Sadat Reaches a Decision                     746 (3)
      Sadat Completes His Preparations             749 (3)
      A Failure of Israeli Intelligence            752 (3)
      Avalanche Out of the North                   755 (4)
      A Tidal Wave Across the Canal                759 (3)
      A Reevaluation of Priorities                 762 (4)
      A Competition of Patrons                     766 (4)
      Stabilization and Counterattack              770 (4)
      A Reversal of Fortunes in the South          774 (4)
      The Soviets in Panic                         778 (6)
      Israel Cedes a Corridor                      784 (4)
    Aftermath of an Earthquake                     788 (43)
      Israel in Isolation Again                    788 (4)
      Shuttle Diplomacy and First-Stage            792 (9)
      Disengagement
      A Political Changing of the Guard            801 (5)
      The Costs of an Indeterminate Victory        806 (6)
      A Crisis of Shuttle Diplomacy                812 (5)
      Disengagement and Breathing Space            817 (8)
      Continuing Dangers                           825 (3)
      Rabin's Years of Sufferance                  828 (3)
    The Likud Era Begins                           831 (12)
      Labor's Final Epitaph                        831 (3)
      An Electoral Upheaval                        834 (1)
      Israel Turns to the Right                    835 (3)
      ``The Enemy Within''                         838 (5)
    An Accommodation with Egypt                    843 (18)
      Sadat in Quest of Peace                      843 (2)
      A Hegira to Jerusalem                        845 (3)
      The Cold Light of Dawn                       848 (3)
      Retreat and Breakthrough                     851 (1)
      The Frameworks of Agreement                  852 (2)
      Sadat's Equivocation, Carter's Gamble        854 (2)
      A Pilgrimage to the Middle East              856 (5)
    Romantic Nationalism and Realpolitik           861 (20)
      The New Palestinians                         861 (2)
      A Paralysis of Dialogue                      863 (2)
      A Fixation on Settlement                     865 (2)
      The Realities of Settlement                  867 (2)
      A Disaffection from Revisionism              869 (3)
      Malaise on the Domestic Scene                872 (1)
      Seizing the Political Offensive: Jerusalem   873 (2)
      A Visitation to Osiraq                       875 (6)
    Revisionism at the Apogee                      881 (16)
      A Revalidated Political Imprimatur           881 (1)
      Retribution in Egypt                         882 (2)
      The Religionists Claim Their Price           884 (3)
      The Nationalists Claim Their Price           887 (2)
      A Blueprint for ``Pragmatic'' Settlement     889 (2)
      Carrot and Stick in Palestine                891 (3)
      A Fulminance of Jewish Vigilantism           894 (3)
    Israel in Lebanon                              897 (24)
      A Rolling Thunder from the North             897 (4)
      Ariel Sharon's Mailed Fist                   901 (3)
      Operation Peace for the Galilee              904 (4)
      Operation Big Pines                          908 (2)
      The Ugly Israeli                             910 (1)
      The Failed Gamble                            911 (2)
      Sabra and Shatila                            913 (3)
      Assad Vetoes an Accord                       916 (2)
      Menachem Begin's Moment of Truth             918 (3)
    A Crisis of Israeli Spirit, of Diaspora        921 (13)
    Loyalty
      A Sophistication of Majority Culture         921 (1)
      Confrontation into Kulturkampf?              922 (5)
      A Brutalization of Civic Rectitude           927 (2)
      A Waning of Diaspora Patience                929 (1)
      A Reappraisal of Loyalties                   930 (4)
    The Era of Unity Governments                   934 (23)
      Electioneering on the Economic Brink         934 (2)
      An End to Adventurism                        936 (5)
      The Struggle for Economic Stabilization      941 (2)
      Toward a Scientific Society                  943 (2)
      Israel as Armorer                            945 (4)
      Iran-Contra: The Israeli Connection          949 (4)
      A Redeeming Territorial Moderation           953 (4)
    The Wages of Immobilism                        957 (20)
      Peres's Diplomatic Gamesmanship              957 (1)
      A Political Rollover                         958 (2)
      The Storm before the Storm                   960 (4)
      Palestinian Intifada, Israeli Retrenchment   964 (4)
      A Resurgent Immigration from Eastern         968 (3)
      Europe
      The Price of Revived Territorialism          971 (3)
      An Exhaustion of American Forbearance        974 (3)
    A Tormented Road to Peace                      977 (26)
      A Firestorm from the Gulf                    977 (2)
      Operation Desert Storm: The Israeli          979 (2)
      Dimension
      Operation Desert Storm: Dividends and        981 (1)
      Debts
      A Diplomatic Respectability                  982 (2)
      The Madrid Conference---and Beyond           984 (2)
      Labor's Political Reincarnation              986 (3)
      Background to a Diplomatic Revolution        989 (2)
      A Scandinavian Door to Palestine             991 (3)
      An Experimental Palestinian Empowerment      994 (3)
      An Erratic Journey toward Normalization      997 (2)
      A Partner to the East                        999 (4)
    A Deterioration of the Rabin-Peres Legacy      1003(21)
      A Post-Rabin Valedictory                     1003(1)
      Peres's Legacy to Rabin                      1004(3)
      Rabin's Syrian Legacy                        1007(3)
      A Belated Flexing of Muscles                 1010(2)
      An Anti-Oslo Backlash                        1012(3)
      The Peace Process in Netanyahu's Extremis    1015(3)
      An Advent of Clintonian Diplomacy            1018(2)
      Clinton as Senior Partner                    1020(4)
    Ehud Barak's Two Years                         1024(22)
      A Paralysis of Negotiations, A               1024(3)
      Deterioration of Likud Governance
      ``The Most Decorated Soldier''               1027(1)
      Barak's Syrian Option                        1028(2)
      In Pursuit of Hafez al-Assad                 1030(3)
      Barak's Palestinian Option                   1033(3)
      Ariel Sharon Takes a Walk                    1036(3)
      Clinton's Middle Eastern Valedictory         1039(4)
      The Reincarnation of Ariel Sharon            1043(3)
    The Bulldozer as Prime Minister                1046(20)
      Ariel Sharon Organizes a Government          1046(1)
      Arafat and Sharon Revert to Type             1047(4)
      The George W. Bush Administration:           1051(3)
      Overture to a Middle East Diplomacy
      The Reconquest of Palestine                  1054(2)
      An Electoral Reconfirmation                  1056(3)
      Sharon Builds a Fence                        1059(2)
      Alternate Sponsorships for Peace             1061(5)
    The Bulldozer as Statesman                     1066(14)
      Overture to a Tactical Withdrawal            1066(2)
      A Political Reconfiguration                  1068(3)
      Jewless in Gaza                              1071(6)
      And for the Rest of Palestine . . .?         1077(3)
    Israel Faces the Twenty-First Century          1080(18)
      A Russian Success Story                      1080(3)
      Economic Liberalization, Technological       1083(3)
      Innovation
      ``Constitutional'' Liberalization            1086(3)
      Stylistic Artistry, Moral Sophistication     1089(1)
      Stepchildren of Israel                       1090(4)
      A Social Disequilibrium                      1094(4)
    A Mottled Landscape                            1098(18)
      A Cold Peace, An Existential Threat          1098(3)
      Crime and Brutalization                      1101(3)
      A Burgeoning Kulturkampf                     1104(1)
      From Kulturkampf to Incipient Civil War      1105(2)
      A Diaspora Irredentism                       1107(2)
      Jerusalem: A Defusable Time Bomb?            1109(2)
      A Tale of Two Elections                      1111(5)
    A Middle Eastern Hour of Decision              1116(19)
      The Rockets of Lebanon                       1116(5)
      Seeking a Diplomatic Breathing Space         1121(4)
      The Reckoning                                1125(2)
      A Lingering Vacuum of Great Power            1127(3)
      Statesmanship
      A Tenuous Horizon                            1130(5)
Bibliography                                       1135(74)
Index                                              1209