General Introduction                               1  (4)
    Chapter I Islamic Beginnings: Revelation,
    State Building, And Culture
      Introduction                                 5  (7)
      1 The Quran and Other Islamic Texts          12 (9)
      2 Shiite and Sunni Views on Political        21 (5)
      Legitimacy
        (a) Abd al-Hassan Ali al-Mawardi, On       22 (2)
        Choosing a Caliph
        (b) Allama al-Hilli on the Shiite          24 (2)
        Imamate
      3 Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina [Avicenna],     26 (3)
      The Ideal Muslim Intellectual
      4 Rabia al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya, A           29 (2)
      Woman's Voice in Sufi Poetry
      5 Abu al-Rayhum Muhammad ibn Ahmad           31 (6)
      al-Biruni, A Muslim Scholar Examines
      Hinduism
    Chapter II From The Coming Of Steppe
    Peoples To The Age Of Gunpowder Empires
      Introduction                                 37 (9)
      6 Disasters Strike the Muslim World          46 (8)
        (a) Usamah ibn Munquidh, An Arab           46 (2)
        Perspective on the Crusades
        (b) Rashid al-Din Fazlullah, The Mongol    48 (3)
        Conquest of Baghdad
        (c) Ahmad al-Maqrizi, The Bubonic          51 (3)
        Plague in Syria and Egypt
      7 Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, Effective       54 (4)
      Rule and Dynastic Cycles
      8 Shah Abbas and Emperor Jahangir Debate     58 (4)
      the Persian Conquest of Kandahar
      9 Suraiya Faroqhi, Ottoman Women's Lives     62 (7)
    Chapter III Contradictions Of Modernity:
    Imperialism And Social Change
      Introduction                                 69 (11)
      10 Decrees from the Ottoman Tanzimat         80 (4)
        (a) The Gulhane Proclamation               81 (1)
        (b) An Ottoman "Bill of Rights"            82 (2)
      11 Social and Economic Change in the         84 (13)
      Ottoman Empire
        (a) Suraiya Faroqhi, Ottoman Peasants      85 (3)
        (b) Hanna Batatu, Political                88 (4)
        Centralization in Iraq and Kurdistan
        (c) Donald Quataert, Manufacturing         92 (3)
        Workshops
        (d) Alexander Scholch, European Trade      95 (2)
        with Palestine
      12 Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Plan for         97 (6)
      Islamic Union
    Chapter IV The Two World Wars And Their
    Aftermaths
      Introduction                                 103(10)
      13 Conflicting Promises During World War I   113(6)
        (a) Sharif Husayn ibn Ali, Desire for      113(2)
        Arab Independence
        (b) Sir Henry McMahon, Qualifying          115(1)
        British Pledges
        (c) The Sykes-Picot Agreement on           116(3)
        Dividing up Arab Lands
      14 Vahakn N. Dadrian, The Fate of the        119(3)
      Armenians in World War I
      15 Challenges to New Nations:                122(13)
      Afghanistan, Turkey, and the Fertile
      Crescent
        (a) Queen Soraya, The Liberation of        123(2)
        Afghan Women
        (b) Mustafa Kemal, Design for a Modern     125(2)
        Secular Turkish State
        (c) Halide Edib [Adivar], Dictatorship     127(5)
        and Reform in Turkey
        (d) Michel Aflaq, Purifying the            132(3)
        National Ideal: Baath Ideology
      16 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Divide India;        135(3)
      Create Pakistan
      17 Peter J. Sluglett and Marion              138(9)
      Farouk-Sluglett, Divide and Rule in
      British-Controlled Iraq
    Chapter V Arabs And Zionists Struggle Over
    Palestine
      Introduction                                 147(18)
      18 Zionism and its Early Arab Opponents      165(5)
        (a) Theodor Herzl, Zionism: The Vision     165(3)
        of an Eventual Jewish State
        (b) Rashid Rida, Pay Attention to          168(1)
        Zionist Encroachment
        (c) "Tiberias," Warning of Zionist         169(1)
        Colonization
      19 The Balfour Declaration and the           170(6)
      Mandate Period
        (a) The Balfour Declaration: A Jewish      170(1)
        Home in Palestine
        (b) The General Syrian Congress, Our       171(2)
        Objections to Zionism and Western
        Imperialism
        (c) James Ramsay MacDonald, Letter to      173(1)
        Chaim Weizmann
        (d) Vladimir Jabotinsky, Let Us Settle     174(2)
        Palestine and Transjordan
      20 Palestine on Eve of World War II          176(12)
        (a) Ted Swedenburg, The Palestinian        177(5)
        Revolt, 1936-39
        (b) The Arab Response to the Proposed      182(2)
        Partition of Palestine
        (c) The British Governments White Paper    184(2)
        on Palestine
        (d) The Biltmore Program                   186(2)
      21 The Creation of the State of Israel       188(5)
        (a) UN General Assembly, the Partition     189(2)
        Plan: Resolution #181
        (b) UN General Assembly, Palestinian       191(1)
        Right of Return: Resolution #194
        (c) The Israeli Kness, The Law of Return   192(1)
      22 Arab Assertions: Out of Despair           193(8)
      Revived Nationalism
        (a) Nizar Qabbani, The Catastrophe of      194(4)
        Arab Defeat
        (b) Palestinian National Council, The      198(3)
        National Charter
      23 Reaching for Peace: United Nations        201(2)
      Security Council Resolutions
        (a) UN Resolution #242: Withdrawal from    201(2)
        Occupied Territory
        (b) UN Resolution #338: End the Fighting   203(1)
      24 Transformation of Palestinian Politics    203(8)
        (a) Yasir Arafat, We Recognize Israel      204(1)
        (b) Hanan Mikhail-Ashrawi, The Meaning     205(2)
        of the Intifada
        (c) Charter of the Islamic Resistance      207(4)
        Movement of Palestine (Hamas)
      25 The Peace Process                         211(10)
        (a) Principles of a Peace                  212(2)
        Agreement---Oslo, Norway
        (b) Yitzhak Rabin, The Price of            214(1)
        Occupation
        (c) The Taba Negotiations                  215(6)
      26 Impasse and New Intifada                  221(16)
        (a) King Husayn I of Jordan, Eulogy of     221(1)
        Yitzhak Rabin
        (b) Ariel Sharon, Program for Dealing      222(3)
        with the Palestinians
        (c) Marwan Barghouti, Grassroots           225(3)
        Leadership and the Second Intifada
        (d) The Arab League, Ratification of       228(2)
        the Peace Plan Proposed by Crown Prince
        Abdullah ibn Abd al-Aziz of Saudi Arabia
        (e) Palestinian Intellectuals' Urgent      230(2)
        Appeal to Stop Suicide Bombings
        (f) George W. Bush, A New and Different    232(5)
        Palestinian Leadership
    Chapter VI Geopolitics Of Oil And The Cold
    War Conflict
      Introduction                                 237(7)
      27 U.S. Presidential Policies, 1947-2002     244(9)
        (a) The Truman Doctrine                    245(2)
        (b) The Eisenhower Doctrine                247(1)
        (c) George H. W. Bush, The New World       248(2)
        Order
        (d) William J. Clinton, The Battle         250(1)
        Against Terrorism
        (e) George W. Bush, Beyond Containment     251(2)
        and Deterrence to Preemptive Action
      28 Intervention and Revolution in Iran       253(9)
        (a) Muhammad Mossadeq, Nationalizing       254(1)
        Iranian Oil
        (b) Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, Iran in    255(2)
        Imperialism's Clutches
        (c) Ervand Abrahamian, Democracy or        257(5)
        Theocracy: Iran's Islamic Republic
      29 OPEC and the World Economy                262(4)
        (a) Organization of Petroleum Exporting    262(1)
        Countries: Getting Our Share
        (b) Crown Prince Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz,     263(3)
        Oil and the World Economy
      30 Wars at the End of the Twentieth          266(11)
      Century and the Beginning of the
      Twenty-First
        (a) Joe Stork, The First Gulf War: Iran    266(3)
        vs. Iraq, 1980-88
        (b) The United Nations and the Second      269(2)
        Gulf War: Security Council Resolution
        #687
        (c) George H. W. Bush, The Second Gulf     271(2)
        War and Kicking the Vietnam Syndrome
        (d) Zbigniew Brzezinski, "Some             273(4)
        Stirred-up Muslims": Reflections on
        Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan
    Chapter VII Ideologies, Movements, And
    Social Trends
      Introduction                                 277(11)
      31 Egypt and Lebanon: Secularism and         288(8)
      Confessionalism
        (a) Jamal Abd al-Nasser, Arab Socialism    289(2)
        (b) Anwar Sadat, Infitah: Opening to       291(2)
        the West
        (c) The Taif Agreement: Syrian             293(3)
        Influence over Lebanon
      32 Early Ideologues of Islamic Radicalism    296(10)
        (a) Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn Taimiyya,        297(3)
        Against Heretical Innovation
        (b) Hasan al-Banna, Overcome Western       300(3)
        Materialism
        (c) Sayyid Qutb, Corruptions of the        303(3)
        Modern World
      33 Modern Islamic Radicalism                 306(11)
        (a) Saad Eddin Ibrahim, Egypt's Islamic    307(3)
        Militants
        (b) Taliban Decrees about Women, Men's     310(7)
        Beards, Children's Games and Music
    Chapter VIII 9/11: Terrorism And Wars; Arab
    Citizens' Revolt
      Introduction                                 317(8)
      34 The Threat of Osama bin Laden and         325(7)
      American Responses
        (a) Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders:      326(2)
        The 1998 Fatwa
        (b) George W. Bush, Hand Over              328(2)
        Terrorists or Share Their Fate
        (c) Congresswoman Barbara Lee, No Blank    330(2)
        Check to President Bush
      35 The Policy Debate                         332(5)
        (a) George W. Bush, Battling the Axis      332(3)
        of Evil
        (b) Brent Scowcroft, Don't Attack Saddam   335(2)
      36 President Obama's Vision for New          337(7)
      Beginnings in the Middle East: Cairo
      University, Egypt, June 4, 2009
      37 WikiLeaks                                 344(9)
        (a) Saudi Royal Wealth: Where Do They      346
        Get All That Money?
        (b) Corruption in Tunisia: What's Yours    344(5)
        Is Mine
        (c) Egypt Seen from the Inside             349(4)
      38 The Arab Citizens' Revolt                 353(10)
        (a) Stuart Schaar, Arab Dictatorships      353(4)
        Under Fire in the New Information Age
        (b) Paul Amar, Why Mubarack Is Out         357(6)
      39 The Historical Context: The West and      363(14)
      Islam
        (a) Bernard Lewis, The Clash of            363(4)
        Civilizations
        (b) Edward W. Said, The Clash of           367(5)
        Ignorance
        (c) Stuart Schaar, Orientalism's           372(5)
        Persistence in Mass Culture and Foreign
        Policy
Epilogue                                           377(6)
Glossary                                           383(8)
Select Bibliography                                391(8)
Index                                              399