A Message from the Author                          xi
The Arab Spring                                    xii
Terrorism                                          xiv
Looking to the Future                              xx
        Map of the Arab World                      xxii
Preface                                            xxiii
Introduction: Patterns of Change                   xxix
Modernization                                      xxix
The Arab Human Development Reports                 xxxiv
The Effects of Change                              xxxiv
The Muslim View                                    xxxvi
Islamic Education                                  xxxvii
Facing the Future                                  xxxviii
    Chapter 1 Beliefs and Values                   1     (4)
      Basic Arab Values and Attitudes              3     (1)
      Basic Arab Self-Perceptions                  4     (1)
    Chapter 2 Friends and Strangers                5     (12)
      The Concept of Friendship                    5     (1)
      Reciprocal Favors                            5     (2)
      Introductions                                7     (1)
      Visiting Patterns                            8     (2)
      Business Friendships                         10    (1)
      Office Relations                             11    (1)
      Criticism                                    12    (1)
      Intermediaries                               13    (1)
      Private and Public Manners                   14    (3)
    Chapter 3 Emotion and Logic                    17    (6)
      Objectivity and Subjectivity                 17    (1)
      Fatalism                                     18    (1)
      What Is Reality?                             18    (2)
      The Human Dimension                          20    (1)
      Persuasion                                   21    (2)
    Chapter 4 Getting Personal                     23    (10)
      Personal Questions                           23    (1)
      Sensitive Subjects                           24    (1)
      Social Distance                              25    (2)
      Gestures                                     27    (1)
      Names                                        28    (5)
    Chapter 5 Men and Women                        33    (14)
      Social Interaction                           33    (2)
      Displaying Intimacy                          35    (1)
      The Status of Women                          35    (3)
      Women's Right to Vote                        38    (1)
      Women in Government Positions                39    (1)
      Women's Power in the Family                  39    (1)
      The Headscarf and the Veil                   40    (3)
      Polygamy                                     43    (1)
      Traditional Gender Roles                     44    (1)
      Western Women                                45    (1)
      Looking Toward the Future                    46    (1)
    Chapter 6 Social Formalities and Etiquette     47    (12)
      Hospitality                                  47    (2)
      Time and Appointments                        49    (1)
      Discussing Business                          50    (1)
      Sharing Meals                                51    (3)
      Smoking                                      54    (1)
      Rules of Etiquette                           55    (4)
    Chapter 7 The Social Structure                 59    (4)
      Social Classes                               59    (1)
      Image and Upper-Class Behavior               60    (1)
      Dealing with Service People                  61    (2)
    Chapter 8 The Role of the Family               63    (10)
      Family Loyalty and Obligations               63    (2)
      Relations Among Family Members               65    (2)
      Marriage                                     67    (1)
      Divorce                                      68    (1)
      Child-Rearing Practices                      69    (1)
      Talking About Your Family                    70    (3)
    Chapter 9 Religion and Society                 73    (14)
      Religious Affiliation                        73    (1)
      Religious Practices                          73    (2)
      The Religion of Islam                        75    (4)
      Sunni and Shia                               79    (1)
      The Sharia, Islamic Law                      79    (2)
      The Qur'an and the Bible                     81    (3)
      Passages from the Qur'an                     84    (3)
    Chapter 10 Communicating with Arabs            87    (12)
      Varieties of Arabic                          88    (1)
      The Superiority of Arabic                    89    (1)
      The Prestige of Classical Arabic             90    (1)
      Eloquence of Speech                          91    (2)
      Speech Mannerisms                            93    (1)
      Pleasant and Indirect Responses              94    (1)
      The Power of Words                           94    (1)
      Euphemisms                                   95    (1)
      The Written Word                             96    (1)
      Proverbs                                     97    (2)
    Chapter 11 Islamic Fundamentalism (Islamism)   99    (12)
      Definitions and Numbers                      99    (5)
      Jihad                                        104   (1)
      Islamists and Muslim Society                 105   (3)
      Mainstream Muslims                           108   (3)
    Chapter 12 Anti-Americanism                    111   (16)
      Reasons for Arab Anger                       113   (8)
        Arab/Muslim and Some Western Views         113   (3)
        Some American Views                        116   (1)
        They Hate Our Freedom, Values, Way of      116   (1)
        Life
        They Hate Our Success                      117   (1)
        They Don't Know Enough About Us            117   (2)
        Anti-Americanism Is an Excuse              119   (1)
        We Share a Long History of Hatred          119   (2)
      Arab/Muslim Views on American Culture        121   (1)
      Views on Western-Style Democracy             122   (2)
      Islam                                        124   (3)
        Anti-Islam Comments                        124   (1)
        Defense-of-Islam Comments                  125   (2)
    Chapter 13 Arabs and Muslims in the West       127   (18)
      Arabs in the United States                   127   (1)
      Muslims in the United States and Canada      128   (2)
      Muslims in Europe                            130   (4)
      The Image of Arabs and Muslims               134   (8)
        In America                                 134   (4)
        In Europe                                  138   (4)
      The Future of Islam in the West              142   (3)
    Chapter 14 The Arab Countries, Similarities    145   (24)
    and Differences: The Arab Countries in
    Africa
      The Maghrib                                  148   (12)
        Morocco                                    149   (3)
        Algeria                                    152   (2)
        Tunisia                                    154   (3)
        Libya                                      157   (3)
      The Nile Valley                              160   (9)
        Egypt                                      160   (4)
        Sudan                                      164   (5)
    Chapter 15 The Arab Countries in the Center    169   (20)
      The Levant                                   169   (20)
        Lebanon                                    170   (3)
        Syria                                      173   (3)
        Palestinian Territories                    176   (5)
        Jordan                                     181   (3)
        Iraq                                       184   (5)
    Chapter 16 The Arab Countries in the           189   (24)
    Arabian Peninsula
      Saudi Arabia                                 190   (4)
      Yemen                                        194   (4)
      The Arabian Gulf States (Persian Gulf)       198   (13)
        Kuwait                                     199   (2)
        Bahrain                                    201   (2)
        Qatar                                      203   (2)
        The United Arab Emirates (UAE)             205   (2)
        Oman                                       207   (4)
      Conclusion                                   211   (2)
  Appendix The Arabic Language                     213   (10)
      Colloquial Arabic Dialects                   213   (3)
        Attitudes Toward Dialects                  215   (1)
      The Structure of Arabic                      216   (1)
      Transcription                                217   (1)
      Arabic Writing                               218   (2)
      Calligraphy As an Art Form                   220   (1)
      Social Greetings                             220   (3)
Notes                                              223   (24)
Bibliography                                       247   (18)
Index                                              265   (12)
About the Author                                   277